Prevalence of Periprocedural Complications and Associated Factors of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease at Coronary Care Units of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Gesund Cardiac and Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a wire- or catheter-based procedure used to dilate the lumen of stenotic coronary arteries. Even though it is a lifesaving procedure it comes at the cost of rare but detrimental complications. There is no reported study on periprocedural complications of PCI in our setup. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and Gesund Cardiac and Medical Center (GCMC) to assess prevalence and associated factors of periprocedural complications of PCI with focus on bleeding, contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) and stroke among patients who underwent PCI from May 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022. A total of 236 participants were included. Data were collected from patient charts, electronic media, and procedure log books. Analysis was done using SPSS 26.0. Results: The prevalence of CIN and minor bleeding, which is observed blood loss ≥ 3 g/dl to 5 g/dl, were 9% and 9.8%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the likelihood of having CIN was higher among patients with history of smoking (AOR: 3.374, 95% CI (1.092, 10.421)), taking diuretics (AOR: 3.858, 95% CI (1.357, 10.965)), and patients with chronic kidney disease (AOR: 6.188, 95% CI (1.346, 28.458)). Conclusion: There is a low prevalence of contrast induced nephropathy and bleeding among cardiac patients who underwent PCI. Smoking, diuretics use and having chronic kidney disease were identified to be strongly associated with periprocedural CIN in this population. There was no stroke or major bleeding in our study and no association was identified between bleeding and the independent factors in this study.