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October 30, 2025Cell Communication and SignalingOpen Access

Ammonia metabolism and ammonia-induced cell death: role in cancer therapy

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Authors

YXYan XuCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterJWJiafeng WangZhejiang International Studies UniversityAWAiguo WuNingbo University

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Implication

Narrative review uncovers the role of ammonia metabolism and selective immune cell death in the tumor microenvironment, highlighting novel metabolic and immunotherapeutic strategies.

Key Points

  • To comprehensively evaluate the mechanisms of ammonia metabolism dysregulation, ammonia-induced cell death, and their therapeutic implications in oncology.
  • Systematically reviewed literature on ammonia generation and clearance pathways, including the urea cycle and tumor glutamine metabolism.
  • Analyzed the molecular networks linking ammonia accumulation to mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal stability, mTOR signaling, and selective immune cell death.
  • Ammonia regulates tumor metabolic reprogramming by modulating glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and lysosomal integrity in neoplastic cells.
  • Ammonia induces the selective death of immune effector cells, which suppresses anti-tumor immunity and reshapes the tumor microenvironment.
  • Targeting multi-level ammonia regulatory networks, such as glutamine synthetase and mTOR signaling in combination with immunotherapy, presents a viable multimodal cancer treatment strategy.

Cite This Study

Xu et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a0cc5ee291fe4aa62625456https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02504-5
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