RNA Therapeutics in Heart Failure

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Therapeutic targets for HF using RNA therapeutics. Ca2+ handling, myocardial fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and genetic predisposition are key pathological processes in HF that are not addressed using traditional HF therapies

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  Fig. 2. The principle of RNA therapeutics. A RNA interference, In the central dogma of biology mRNA is translated into protein. However, in the context of disease, a disease-causing protein is present. RNAi therapeutics inhibit gene expression by degrading target mRNA or preventing its translation. B RNA enhancing therapeutics, RNA therapeutics can be utilized to allow protein replacement, gene silencing or gene transcription. In this way, patients lacking or deficient in a protein can receive mRNA that encodes missing protein or silences harmful biological pathways

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  Fig. 3. Overview of RNA therapeutics. RNA therapeutics can interfere with or enhance mRNA. ASOs utilize RNAse H-mediated mRNA degradation. siRNAs, ss-siRNAs, shRNAs and miRNAs utilize RISC-mediated mRNA degradation. Aptamers allow blockage of pathological interactions. In contrast, mRNAs can be delivered directly into the cell allowing translation of protein