There is a growing trend of holding multinational firms responsible for their environmental impact with its constructive and destructive effects on environmental sustainability which is presenting an evident research gap in the literature. This study investigates the impact of technological innovation, ICT, and literacy rate on the environmental sustainability, while controlling the effects of urbanization, economic growth and globalization in the BRICS countries. The data (1998 – 2023) is analyzed through robust econometric methods including unit root tests, cointegration tests of Panel Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS). The findings reveal a negative and significant relationship between ICT and literacy rate with environmental sustainability and a positive relationship with technological innovation highlighting eco-friendly pathways to international businesses operating in the BRICS countries. This study explores the dynamics of the BRICS group of developing countries. As a result, it offers specific insights that help close the gap between technology and goals for sustainable development.
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Khursheed et al. (2025) studied this question.
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