Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Secondary School Students in Jordan: A Cross- Sectional Study from a Developing Country

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance has been identified as one of the most pressing public health issues of our time. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, as well as associated factors, among secondary school ado-lescents. Methods: A cross-sectional self-survey of secondary school students in Jordan. Results: Students demonstrated limited knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and suboptimal anti-biotic use, while attitudes and practices showed variable responses. Knowledge scores were signifi-cantly associated with place of residence (p < 0.001), previous education about antibiotic use and resistance (p < 0.001), and ease of access to educational materials (p < 0.001). Positive attitudes were predicted by previous formal education about antibiotic use and resistance (p < 0.001) and ease of access to educational materials (p < 0.001). Better practices were significantly associated with the father’s educational level (p < 0.01). Discussion: The findings highlight significant gaps between knowledge, attitudes, and practices re-garding antibiotic use among secondary school adolescents, underscoring the need for targeted edu-cational interventions that strengthen practical understanding and individual responsibility toward antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion: Formal education, socioeconomic status, and the availability of learning materials were significantly associated with the students' KAP. These findings highlighted various misconceptions and unsafe practices and suggested further interventions.