Abstract Rationale Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a chronic airway disease with substantial morbidity and mortality. Limited data are available from the Middle East, and current prognostic tools, such as the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) and FACED score, require validation across diverse populations. This study evaluates mortality, morbidity, and prognostic factors among adult patients with NCFB in Oman. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, including adults with radiologically confirmed NCFB from January 2018 to December 2022. Demographic, clinical, radiological, microbiological, and outcome data were collected from electronic records. Disease severity was assessed using FACED and BSI scores. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify mortality predictors. Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed survival outcomes. Results Among 303 patients (median age 57 years, 59% female), idiopathic bronchiectasis accounted for 49.5%, and post-infectious causes for 24.4%. Using BSI, 34.7% were classified as mild, 33.7% moderate, and 31.7% severe. Using FACED, 61.4% were mild, 28.7% moderate, and 9.9% severe. During follow-up, 34 (11.2%) patients died. Non-survivors were older (median 71.5 vs. 56 years, p = 0.0016), had lower BMI (18.3 vs. 25.2 kg/m², p 0.001), and higher prevalence of heart failure, diabetes, and Pseudomonas colonization (all p 0.05). Hypercapnic respiratory failure was present in 67.6% of non-survivors vs. 5.2% of survivors (p 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that older age (HR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05, p = 0.006) and hypercapnic failure (HR 10.02; 95% CI: 4.41-22.77, p 0.001) were independent predictors of mortality, while higher BMI was protective (HR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.94, p 0.001). Median survival time was 40 years. Conclusion NCFB in Oman is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hypercapnic respiratory failure, advanced age, and Pseudomonas colonization are strong predictors of death, while higher BMI is protective. The FACED and BSI scores offer complementary prognostic utility, although differences in severity categorization highlight the need for regional validation. Targeted interventions for high-risk patients may improve outcomes. This abstract is funded by: None
Alnaabi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.