Key result
Common CV risk factors drive cardiac dysfunction through increased oxidative stress.
Why the study?
The specific role of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, smoking, and pollution in promoting oxidative stress and contributing to cardiac dysfunction is reviewed.
This review emphasizes the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress driven by obesity, diabetes, smoking, and pollution in the development of cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
Oxidative stress occurs whenever the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity. In this paper, we review the specific role of several cardiovascular risk factors in promoting oxidative stress: diabetes, obesity, smoking, and excessive pollution. Specifically, the risk of developing heart failure is higher in patients with diabetes or obesity, even with optimal medical treatment, and the increased release of ROS from cardiac mitochondria and other sources likely contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction in this setting. Here, we explore the role of different ROS sources arising in obesity and diabetes, and the effect of excessive ROS production on the development of cardiac lipotoxicity. In parallel, contaminants in the air that we breathe pose a significant threat to human health. This paper provides an overview of cigarette smoke and urban air pollution, considering how their composition and biological effects have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health.
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Niemann et al. (2017) conducted a review in Cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress. Cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, obesity, smoking, pollution) was evaluated. Cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, obesity, smoking, and urban air pollution promote oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production, contributing to cardiac dysfunction.
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