Key result
Pulmonary vein stenosis presents bimodally as congenital in children and acquired post-ablation in adults.
Why the study?
Pulmonary vein stenosis is an extremely rare and lethal disease caused by multiple etiologies, affecting both children and adults, and requires improved understanding and treatment.
This comprehensive review summarizes the etiology, classification, and management of pulmonary vein stenosis across pediatric and adult populations.
Alerts clinicians to bimodal distribution for targeted evaluation; extends synthesis of etiology, classification, and management across populations.
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is an extremely rare and lethal disease caused by multiple etiologies. PVS has a bimodal distribution in the population, affecting children and adults. Congenital PVS is the usual PVS type in children, which sometimes develops after cardiothoracic surgery. Acquired PVS, in turn, is the most common PVS type in adults. A review of the relevant literature has shown that PVS after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation is the most common, as well as that caused by compression of proliferative fibrous tissues or tumor in the mediastinum (eg, PVS caused by fibrosing mediastinitis, lung tumors, metastases, etc). This article provides a comprehensive review of PVS in terms of embryology and anatomy, etiology and triggers, classification, clinical symptoms and signs, treatment, and prognosis, intending to promote the understanding and treatment of this disease.
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Jia et al. (2023) conducted a review in Pulmonary vein stenosis. Pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare disease with a bimodal distribution, most commonly occurring as a congenital condition in children and an acquired condition following ablation in adults.
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