Why the study?
Does active smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increase the progression of atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults?
Does active smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increase the progression of atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults?
Both active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure are associated with accelerated progression of carotid intimal-medial thickness, with cumulative effects based on pack-years.
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Supports ETS avoidance in middle-aged adults; extends prior associations to longitudinal IMT progression but leaves causal effects open.
George Howard (1998) studied this question.
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