Key result
Severe depressive symptoms were associated with higher odds of hypertension compared to no symptoms (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.00-4.90).
Why the study?
Are severe depressive symptoms associated with higher odds of hypertension and altered 24-hour ambulatory BP profiles in urbanized African teachers?
Cross-Sectional (n=405)
Are severe depressive symptoms associated with higher odds of hypertension and altered 24-hour ambulatory BP profiles in urbanized African teachers?
Severe depressive symptoms are associated with higher odds of hypertension and may contribute to blunted nocturnal blood pressure dipping.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Should not change practice; leaves open causal role of depression in hypertension among urban Africans.
Disturbances in circadian rhythm might play a central role in the neurobiology of depression. We examined the association between depressive symptoms and 24-hour ambulatory BP in a sample of 405 (197 black and 208 Caucasian) urbanized African teachers aged 25 to 60 yrs (mean 44.6 ± 9.6 yrs). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the self-administered 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, participants with severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) had higher odds of hypertension defined from ambulatory BP and/or use of antihypertensive medication (odds ratio = 2.19, 95% CI, 1.00-4.90) in comparison to participants with no symptoms. Compared to Caucasians with no depressive symptoms, those with severe symptoms had blunted nocturnal systolic BP drop of 4.7 mmHg (95% CI, -0.5 to 10.0, P = 0.07). In summary, depressive symptoms were associated with the circadian BP profile in black and Caucasian Africans.
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Hamer et al. (2011) conducted a cross-sectional in Depression and Hypertension (n=405). Severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) vs. No depressive symptoms was evaluated on Hypertension defined from ambulatory BP and/or use of antihypertensive medication (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.00-4.90). Severe depressive symptoms were associated with higher odds of hypertension compared to no symptoms (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.00-4.90).
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