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The rapid development of mobile technologies is driving the evolution of e-learning to mobile-learning (m-learning), however; academic research on the impact of mobile-technologies on the learning process in higher education and instructional design guidelines based on a solid theoretical framework for mobile-learning has not yet been exhaustively covered. The focus of this paper is to compare mobile-learning with e-learning and describes the technological attributes and techniques that enable educators to utilize mobile technologies and social networks to improve learning outcomes and provide creative ways to increase access to educational resources. The author applied Authentic Learning, which provides the basis for the learning content/activities and Gamification concept was adopted as the framework for learners to accelerate learning. This paper can be used by the instructional designers to adopt the concepts of mobile learning and how mobile technologies can be incorporated into their teaching and learning and shift the student-centered learning more effectively.
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Sylvia Chin (2014) studied this question.
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