Key result
Doppler echocardiography in healthy volunteers revealed physiological regurgitation at the pulmonary (100%), tricuspid (100%), mitral (56%), and aortic valves (6%).
Population
32 consecutive healthy volunteers (age 21-49 years, mean age 29.4)
Design
Cross-sectional
Authors
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Supports considering trivial regurgitation physiological on echo; extends normative data but leaves diagnostic thresholds open for validation.
Observational (n=32)
No
Trivial regurgitation from the pulmonary, tricuspid, and mitral valves is common in healthy individuals and should be considered as physiological when diagnosing valve disease.
Jobic et al. (1993) conducted an observational in Healthy volunteers (n=32). Doppler echocardiography was evaluated on Identification of regurgitation with colour Doppler flow mapping and measurement of the jet area, jet length, and maximal velocity. Doppler echocardiography in healthy volunteers revealed physiological regurgitation at the pulmonary (100%), tricuspid (100%), mitral (56%), and aortic valves (6%).
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