Key result
Oral HRV inoculation in pigs triggers infectious saliva shedding and high IgM antibody responses.
Why the study?
Following findings that murine rotavirus can infect salivary glands and transmit via saliva, the authors aimed to determine if human rotavirus could also infect salivary glands and spread in saliva.
Does human rotavirus replicate in salivary glands and prime immune responses in facial and intestinal lymphoid tissues in gnotobiotic pigs?
Does human rotavirus replicate in salivary glands and prime immune responses in facial and intestinal lymphoid tissues in gnotobiotic pigs?
Human rotavirus is capable of replicating in salivary tissues and priming immune responses in both intestinal and facial lymphoid tissues in a gnotobiotic pig model.
Rotavirus salivary replication in pigs merits exploration in other species; leaves open human applicability and clinical translation.
Human rotavirus (HRV) is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children across the globe. The virus has long been established as a pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract, targeting small intestine epithelial cells and leading to diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Recently, this classical infection pathway was challenged by the findings that murine strains of rotavirus can infect the salivary glands of pups and dams and transmit via saliva from pups to dams during suckling. Here, we aimed to determine if HRV was also capable of infecting salivary glands and spreading in saliva using a gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of HRV infection and disease. Gn pigs were orally inoculated with various strains of HRV, and virus shedding was monitored for several days post-inoculation. HRV was shed nasally and in feces in all inoculated pigs. Infectious HRV was detected in the saliva of four piglets. Structural and non-structural HRV proteins, as well as the HRV genome, were detected in the intestinal and facial tissues of inoculated pigs. The pigs developed high IgM antibody responses in serum and small intestinal contents at 10 days post-inoculation. Additionally, inoculated pigs had HRV-specific IgM antibody-secreting cells present in the ileum, tonsils, and facial lymphoid tissues. Taken together, these findings indicate that HRV can replicate in salivary tissues and prime immune responses in both intestinal and facial lymphoid tissues of Gn pigs.
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Nyblade et al. (2023) studied Human rotavirus infection. Human rotavirus (HRV) oral inoculation was evaluated on Virus shedding, HRV proteins/genome detection, and IgM antibody responses. Oral inoculation of gnotobiotic pigs with human rotavirus led to infectious HRV in the saliva of 4 piglets and high IgM antibody responses in serum and small intestine at 10 days.
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