Key result
Depression and abnormal sleep duration linked to up to ~38% higher cardiometabolic and mortality risk.
Why the study?
It was unknown whether depression and sleep duration are independent or overlapping risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and mortality, as few studies have mutually adjusted for both.
Do depression and abnormal sleep duration increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and mortality in individuals free of CMD at baseline?
Cohort (n=261,297)
Do depression and abnormal sleep duration increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and mortality in individuals free of CMD at baseline?
Depression and abnormal sleep duration are independent risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and mortality, with a synergistic effect between depression and short sleep duration on all-cause mortality and CHD.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports incorporating depression and sleep screening into CMD risk assessment; extends observational evidence without establishing causality.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Depression and sleep duration were only mutually adjusted in a few studies, and it is unknown whether these two factors are independent or overlapping risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the individual and joint associations of depression and sleep duration with CMDs and mortality. METHODS: A total of 261,297 participants who were free of CMD at baseline were included. Sleep duration was divided into three groups (short: <7 h/day, referent: ages 39-64 years: 7-9 h/day; ages 65+ years: 7-8 h/day, and long: ages 39-64 years: >9 h/day; ages 65+ years: >8 h/day). The main outcomes were hypertension, stroke, CHD, DM, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS: Among the 261,297 participants, depression and short or long sleep duration were independently associated with increased risk of CMDs and mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10-1.38) when they were mutually adjusted, except for the association between short sleep duration and stroke (HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.10). We documented significant additive interactions between depression and short sleep duration in relation to all-cause mortality (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI], 0.19; 95% CI, 0.02-0.37) and CHD (RERI, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11-0.48). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, depression and short or long sleep duration were independently associated with an increased risk of CMDs and mortality. We also observed significant additive interactions between depression and short sleep duration in relation to all-cause mortality and CHD.
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Cheng et al. (2022) conducted a cohort in Free of cardiometabolic disease at baseline (n=261,297). Depression and short or long sleep duration vs. Referent sleep duration (7-9 h/day for ages 39-64; 7-8 h/day for ages 65+) and absence of depression was evaluated on Hypertension, stroke, CHD, DM, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.10-1.38). Depression and short or long sleep duration were independently associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases and mortality (HR 1.10-1.38).
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