Key result
Higher childhood SBP linked to ~17% greater risk of elevated CIMT per SD 11 years later.
Why the study?
Childhood blood pressure and heart rate are linked to cardiovascular disease markers decades later, but data on shorter-term vascular remodeling outcomes are scarce.
Do childhood blood pressure and resting heart rate associate with carotid markers of vascular remodeling one decade later?
Cohort (n=4,607)
Yes
Do childhood blood pressure and resting heart rate associate with carotid markers of vascular remodeling one decade later?
Effect estimate: OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.06-1.29)
Childhood blood pressure and resting heart rate are robustly associated with early markers of vascular remodeling 11 years later, highlighting the importance of early prevention.
May support childhood BP monitoring; leaves open whether intervention alters later vascular remodeling.
OBJECTIVE: The association of childhood blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) with intermediate markers of cardiovascular disease several decades later has been shown, but studies on more short-term outcomes are scarce. Using population-based data, this study investigates the association of four BP parameters and HR in childhood with three carotid markers for vascular remodeling one decade later. METHODS: At the 11-year follow-up, 4607 participants of the nationwide KiGGS cohort aged 14 to 28 years had semi-automated sonographic carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) measurements. We investigated associations of baseline (age 3-17 years) and follow-up SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP) and resting heart rate (RHR), with CIMT and lumen diameter at or above the 90th percentile and distensibility coefficient at or below the tenth percentile in logistic regressions. Analyses were further adjusted using a composite cardiovascular risk (CVR) score of BMI, triglycerides, total/HDL-cholesterol-ratio and HbA1c. RESULTS: SBP, DBP, MAP and RHR were significantly and similarly associated with all carotid measures 11 years later, for example an odds ratio (OR) of 1.17 [confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.29] for one standard deviation SBP increase with elevated CIMT when adjusting for sex, age and CVR score. Cross-sectionally, the strongest association was found for MAP with reduced distensibility coefficient (OR 1.76; CI 1.59-1.94). CONCLUSION: This population-based cohort study shows robust and consistent associations between childhood BP and RHR and three carotid measures of vascular remodeling only one decade later, clearly underscoring the potential importance of preventing high BP already early in the life course.
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Büschges et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Cardiovascular risk (n=4,607). Childhood blood pressure and resting heart rate was evaluated on Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and lumen diameter ≥90th percentile and distensibility coefficient ≤10th percentile (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.29). A one standard deviation increase in childhood systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with elevated carotid intima media thickness 11 years later (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.06-1.29).
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