Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nonrheumatic Valvular Heart Disease and Its Attributable Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Figure 1. Change trends of nonrheumatic valvular heart disease incidence cases, deaths, and DALYs from 1990 to 2019. A, Change trends of incidences. B, Change trends of deaths. C, Change trends of DALYs. DALYs indicates disability‐adjusted life years; and SDI, sociodemographic index.

Figure 2. Global disease burden of nonrheumatic valvular heart disease in 204 countries or territories. A, Incidence cases in 204 countries or territories in 2019. B, Deaths in 204 countries or territories in 2019. C, DALYs in 204 countries or territories in 2019. DALYs indicates disability‐adjusted life years. DALYs indicates disability‐adjusted life years.

Figure 3. Age‐standardized rates of nonrheumatic valvular heart disease in 204 countries or territories. A, ASIR in 204 countries or territories in 2019. B, ASDR in 204 countries or territories in 2019. C, Age‐standardized DALYs rate in 204 countries or territories in 2019. ASDR indicates age‐standardized death rate; ASIR, age‐standardized incidence rate; and DALYs, disability‐adjusted life years.

Figure 4. Correlation analyses of EAPC‐ASR (1990) and EAPC‐SDI (2019). A, Correlations between EAPC of ASIR and ASIR, EAPC of ASDR, and ASDR in1990 in 204 countries or territories. B, Correlation between EAPC of ASIR and SDI, EAPC of ASDR, and SDI in 2019 in 204 countries or territories. ASDR indicates age‐standardized death rate; ASIR, age‐standardized incidence rate; ASR, age‐standard rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; and SDI, sociodemographic index.

Figure 5. Global burden of nonrheumatic valvular heart disease across different age groups in 2019. A, Number of incident cases. B, Number of death cases. C, Number of DALYs cases. DALYs indicates disability‐adjusted life years.

Figure 6. Risk factors contributing to NRVD‐related death and DALYs. A, Three risk factors contributing to NRVD‐related death from 1990 to 2019 globally and in different regions. B, Three risk factors contributing to NRVD‐related DALYs from 1990 to 2019 globally and in different regions. DALYs indicates disability‐adjusted life years; NRVD, nonrheumatic valvular heart disease; and SDI, sociodemographic index.