Left ventricular longitudinal function is reduced but partially compensated by increased radial function after heart transplantation

Figures

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  Figure 1. a. Atrioventricular plane definition. At end-diastole, six markers were placed at the atrioventricular junction in the 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views (red dots). Left ventricular atrioventricular plane displacement was defined as the average movement of the six markings toward the apex. b. Septal and lateral contribution to stroke volume. The septal part of the left ventricle was defined as the part between the anterior and inferior insertion of the right ventricle, whereas the lateral part is defined by the remaining free wall. Septal and lateral contribution to stroke volume was calculated by the milliliter of blood displaced by the septal and lateral movement during systole divided by the estimated stroke volume.

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  Figure 2. Left ventricular atrioventricular plane displacement. Left ventricular atrioventricular plane displacement was lower in transplanted patients compared to healthy controls.

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  Figure 3. Left ventricular atrioventricular plane displacement correlation with time from transplant (a) and previous rejections (b). There was no association with time from transplant or previous rejections by unpaired t-test.

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  Figure 4. Regional contribution to stroke volume. Stroke volume was lower in the transplanted group even though an increased lateral contribution (a) in part compensated for the lower septal (b) and longitudinal (c) contributions.

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  Figure 5. (GIF): Paradox septal movement. Mid-ventricular short axis view of the heart transplanted patient with the largest negative septal contribution to stroke volume. Note that despite septal myocardial thickening during systole, the net systolic movement of the septum is toward the right.