Non-invasive pressure-volume loops provide incremental value to age, sex, and infarct size for predicting adverse cardiac remodelling after ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Aims This study aimed to assess the predictive value of non-invasive pressure–volume (PV) loop variables by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for determining development of adverse remodelling 3 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and results In total, 181 STEMI patients examined with CMR during the index admission (baseline) after primary PCI and at 3-month follow-up in The Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients with STEMI (DANAMI-3) study were retrospectively analysed. A time-varying elastance model for generating PV loops from CMR volumetry and brachial blood pressure was used to calculate contractility, arterial elastance, stroke work, potential energy, efficiency, external power, ventriculoarterial coupling, and energy per ejected volume. Adverse remodelling was seen in 28 patients (15%), defined as a concomitant increase in end-diastolic and end-systolic volume of ≥12% from baseline to follow-up. PV loop variables measured at baseline showed predictive value for adverse remodelling, independent of age, sex, and infarct size (IS) by a logistic regression analysis: contractility [odds ratio (OR) 4.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–12.4] and efficiency (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.11). Furthermore, females showed a higher increase in contractility between the timepoints (ΔContractility = 0.4 ± 0.4 mmHg/mL vs. 0.1 ± 0.4 mmHg/mL, P < 0.0001). A higher energy expenditure was seen at baseline in left arterial descending artery infarctions compared to left circumflex artery and right coronary artery infarctions. Conclusion Non-invasive PV loop variables by CMR have incremental predictive value to age, sex, and IS for determining development of adverse cardiac remodelling in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. Furthermore, the PV loop variables show significant differences in post-infarct cardiovascular adaptation between sexes and culprit vessels.