Sex-specific lifetime risk of cardiovascular events: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk prospective population cohort study

Figure 1. Patient population flowchart.

Figure 2. Sex-specific lifetime risk of all incident cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality amongst 21 400 men and women participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study followed up for a median 26.2 years. The cause-specific hazard ratios were obtained from Weibull regression models. The adjusted estimates were obtained also adjusting for ethnicity, ethnicity, the Townsend deprivation index, systolic blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, fruit and vegetable consumption, self-reported non-cardiovascular comorbidities (cancer, asthma, bronchitis), and medication (aspirin, antihypertensive agents, digoxin, lipid-lowering agents, and antidiabetic agents). The sex-specific cumulative incidence functions were determined using modified univariable and multivariable Royston–Parmar regression models, also taking into account the the competing risk of death (for incident cardiovascular disease) or non-cardiovascular mortality (for cardiovascular mortality). The cumulative incidence estimates from the multivariable models were obtained by setting the values of all covariates at…

Figure 3. Sex-specific lifetime risk of different first incident cardiovascular diseases amongst 21 400 men and women participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study followed up for a median 26.2 years. The cause-specific hazard ratios were determined using a multivariable Weibull regression model also adjusting for ethnicity, ethnicity, the Townsend deprivation index, systolic blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, fruit and vegetable consumption, self-reported non-cardiovascular comorbidities (cancer, asthma, bronchitis), and medication (aspirin, antihypertensive agents, digoxin, lipid-lowering agents, and antidiabetic agents). The sex-specific cumulative incidence functions were determined using a modified multivariable Royston–Parmar regression model also taking into account the competing risk of death, setting the values of all covariates at their mean values within the cohort. MI, myocardial infarction; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; AF, atrial fibrillation; HF, heart failure; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; VD, valve disease; CV, cardiovascular; HR, cause specific hazard ratio (99%…

Figure 4. Sex-specific lifetime risk of different incident cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular mortality amongst 11 400 men and women participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study with prevalent cardiovascular disease followed up for a median 17.5 years. Participants with a prevalent cardiovascular disorder were excluded from the analyses of incidence of the same disorder. The cause-specific hazard ratios were determined using multivariable Weibull regressions model also adjusting for ethnicity, ethnicity, the Townsend deprivation index, systolic blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, fruit and vegetable consumption, self-reported non-cardiovascular comorbidities (cancer, asthma, bronchitis), and medication (aspirin, antihypertensive agents, digoxin, lipid-lowering agents, and antidiabetic agents). The sex-specific cumulative incidence functions were determined using modified multivariable Royston–Parmar regression models also taking into account the competing risk of death (for incident cardiovascular disorders) or non-cardiovascular mortality (for cardiovascular mortality),…

Figure 5. Sex-specific lifetime risk of cardiovascular mortality amongst men and women participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study with different prevalent cardiovascular diseases. The cause-specific hazard ratios were determined using multivariable Weibull regressions model also adjusting for ethnicity, ethnicity, the Townsend deprivation index, systolic blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, fruit and vegetable consumption, self-reported non-cardiovascular comorbidities (cancer, asthma, bronchitis), and medication (aspirin, antihypertensive agents, digoxin, lipid-lowering agents, and antidiabetic agents). The sex-specific cumulative incidence functions were determined using modified multivariable Royston–Parmar regression models also taking into account the competing risk of non-cardiovascular mortality, setting the values of all covariates at their mean values within the cohort. MI, myocardial infarction; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; AF, atrial fibrillation; HF, heart failure; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; CV, cardiovascular; cHR, cause specific hazard ratio (99%…