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Emotional intelligence is a pivotal factor in determining the success of church services, as individuals frequently encounter weaknesses, leading to internal and external issues. The cultivation also necessitates theological knowledge and demands strong self-management skills from leaders. Without effective self-management, leaders encounter challenges in developing their emotional intelligence. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the correlation between Spiritual Leadership (SL) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) as the predictor and criterion variables, with Self-Management (SM) acting as the intervening variable. To accomplish this objective, a statistical method known as Square Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (PLS-PM) is employed using the WarpPLS 7.0 application program. This research endeavors to assess a model that explores the influence of SL on EI, with SM serving as a moderator and mediator. Following the guidelines set forth by Hair (2019), the sample consisted of 85 respondents, comprising leaders and church council members from the Indonesian Methodist Church, District 3, Region 1. The sample incorporated 17 indicators derived from 4 constructs, each multiplied by 5. The results showed that SL had a significant impact on both SM and EI. SM reported a direct influence on EI, while exhibiting the capability to moderate the relationship between SL and EI. Analyzing the influence of the variables showed that SL accounted for a mere 14% of the variance in SM, and the mediated influence of the variable on EI through SM is 14%. However, SM did not successfully mediate the relationship between SL and EI.
Heryanto et al. (2026) studied this question.