A Novel Catheter Distal Contact Force Sensing for Cardiac Ablation Based on Fiber Bragg Grating with Temperature Compensation

Figures

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  Figure 1. The schematic diagram of a dual elastomer fiber Bragg grating force sensor for cardiac catheterization. (a) Exploded view of the overall structure; (b) prototype; (c) multi-layer continuous beam-slots. (d) Detailed dimensions of the designed flexure and FBG arrangements.

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  Figure 2. Strain distribution on (a) the overall structure and (b) the fiber under the axial force F stimulation.

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  Figure 3. (a) Different structures; (b) strain of FBG2 under axial force of 0.01 N with different structures.

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  Figure 4. The relation between the applied axial force and the strain distribution along the suspended fiber.

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  Figure 5. The relation between the applied temperature and the strain distribution along the suspended fiber.

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  Figure 6. The relation between applied force and temperature and the strain of the two FBGs configured inside the sensor.

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  Figure 7. (a) First-order, (b) second-order, and (c) third-order modal analysis of the designed sensor. (d) The harmonic response curves of the designed sensor in X, Y, and Z directions under Fz conditions.

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  Figure 8. (a) Block diagram and usage flow of each equipment in the calibration experiment; (b) Experimental configuration for force calibration.

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  Figure 9. Corresponding response curves of center wavelength shift with different axial forces for the two FBGs.

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  Figure 10. Corresponding response curves of the center wavelength shift with different temperatures for the two FBGs.

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  Figure 11. (a) Comparison between the calculated force of the designed sensor and the corresponding values detected from the ATI force sensor during dynamic loading. (b) Correlation diagram of the designed sensor and ATI force sensor data.

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  Figure 12. Temperature compensation experiment data of FBG sensor.