An ESP mesh based IOT system for smart

Smart agriculture increasingly depends on distributed, high-resolution sensing systems capable of capturing real-time soil and environmental dynamics with minimal infrastructure and cost. Conventional wireless sensor networks, however, often face limitations in scalability, energy efficiency, and network robustness, particularly in fragmented agricultural landscapes where connectivity is inconsistent. This work presents an ESP-based mesh IoT architecture designed to enable resilient, self-organizing, and low-cost monitoring of critical agronomic parameters. The system integrates a multi-node mesh network for distributed soil sensing, a gateway-assisted cloud uplink for remote accessibility, and a unified dashboard for visualization, alert generation, and long-term water-footprint assessment. By leveraging a decentralized mesh topology, the framework ensures reliable propagation of sensor data across dynamically changing link conditions, while cloud integration facilitates continuous supervision and early-warning capabilities for irrigation and soil-health anomalies. Experimental evaluation of the prototype demonstrates stable multi-hop communication, consistent sensing performance, and seamless end-to-end data flow from field nodes to the user interface. The results highlight the potential of ESP-based mesh networks as an accessible and scalable digital infrastructure for precision agriculture, supporting improved resource efficiency and informed agronomic decision-making.