SymbolicAnalysis and LLM-Guided Debugging of Digital Twin Models with ASP Chef and DTDL

DTDL (Digital Twins Definition Language) provides no mechanism for logical reasoning or constraint checking over digital twin models. We integrate DTDL with ASP Chef, a web-based Answer Set Programming (ASP) platform, via a structured DTDL-to-ASP mapping and three dedicated operations: @DTDL/Parse for fact generation, @DTDL/Analysis for structural metrics, and @DTDL/Debug for symbolic validation with LLM-guided repair. The key design decision is that error detection is symbolic and deterministic within the implemented set of constraint classes; a language model is invoked only after the ASP layer has produced a concrete, grounded diagnostic, keeping the correctness boundary with the symbolic layer. Soundness and completeness guarantees are scoped to these constraint classes; a formal proof is left as future work. We illustrate the framework on two agricultural use cases and report a proof-of-concept assessment on 99 diagnostics spanning 21 error classes across four domains. Three binary metrics are used: json_valid and entity_recall are computed mechanically; fix quality (judge_correct) is assessed by an independent LLM judge (Claude Sonnet 4.6). The complete grounded workflow achieves 90% judge_correct and 86% json_valid; a fair ablation baseline—same LLM and system message, but error type and entity name in natural language without structured diagnostics—achieves 77% and 75%, respectively. The gap is consistent across three independent judges and statistically significant (McNemar p<0.01), but the inter-judge reliability of judge_correct is limited (κ ranging from 0.00 to 0.44), so results should be read as directional evidence rather than precise effect estimates. Excluding the dominant isolated_interface class (n=28, ceiling score), the conservative estimate is 87% vs. 79% on the remaining 71 diagnostics. These results constitute a preliminary proof-of-concept limited to a small number of models, a few application domains, and a single LLM configuration; results do not generalize beyond this specific setting. The judge_correct metric is assessed by LLM-as-judge and does not carry a perfect inter-annotator agreement.