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May 22, 2026Environmental Toxicology

Toxic Metals and Their Emerging Role as Risk Factors in Hormone‐Related Reproductive Cancers

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Authors

MAMilena AnđelkovićUniversity of BelgradeKBKatarina BaralićUniversity of BelgradeDVDragana VukelićUniversity of Belgrade

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Implication

Review summarizes links between toxic metal exposure and hormone-dependent reproductive cancers, highlighting implications.

Key Points

  • This review examines the association between toxic metal exposure and hormone-related reproductive cancers, focusing on established human carcinogens.
  • Reviewed studies on toxic metal exposure related to breast, prostate, testicular, ovarian, and uterine cancers.
  • Emphasized specific metals classified as carcinogens (As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb) with known public health concerns.
  • Breast and prostate cancers show strong links to Cd and As exposure, with potential associations for Pb.
  • Mixed evidence exists for Hg, Ni, and Cr, varying by cancer type and study design.
  • Knowledge gaps identified regarding combined metal effects and limited evidence for ovarian and testicular cancers.

Cite This Study

Anđelković et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a0ff496d674f7c03778db1chttps://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70125
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