Rotavirus diarrhea was associated with seizures in <4% of patients compared to 7% with bacterial diarrhea, while rotavirus RNA was detected in the CSF of 2 patients with encephalopathy.
Case Report (n=2)
Yes
Is rotavirus a cause of central nervous system symptoms such as encephalopathy and seizures in children with gastroenteritis?
The detection of rotavirus RNA in the CSF of patients with encephalopathy suggests a possible association between rotavirus and central nervous system symptoms, though further study is needed to rule out contamination or carriage.
Absolute Event Rate: 4% vs 7%
Rotavirus is a common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. In 2 patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis who developed encephalopathy, rotavirus RNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; in 1 patient, rotavirus RNA was detected on 2 occasions 3 weeks apart. There are increasing reports of cases in which patients who have seizures after an episode of rotavirus diarrhea have evidence of rotavirus in their CSF. A search of 2 large hospital discharge databases suggested that seizures are noted as part of the discharge diagnosis in the records of, at most, <4% of patients with rotavirus diarrhea versus 7% of patients with bacterial diarrhea. Although evidence suggesting that rotavirus is a cause of central nervous system sequelae remains inconclusive, the 2 case reports presented in this study further illustrate a possible association. Further study is required to determine whether detection of rotavirus in CSF represents a true pathogen, CSF contamination that occurs at the time of lumbar puncture or in the laboratory, or carriage of rotavirus RNA in trafficking lymphocytes.
Lynch et al. (Mon,) conducted a case report in Rotavirus gastroenteritis (n=2). Rotavirus RNA detection in CSF vs. Bacterial diarrhea was evaluated on Seizures as part of discharge diagnosis. Rotavirus diarrhea was associated with seizures in <4% of patients compared to 7% with bacterial diarrhea, while rotavirus RNA was detected in the CSF of 2 patients with encephalopathy.