Biological assessment of 3-phenylpropyl acetate as a wound healing agent

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The present study investigated the wound-healing potential of 3-phenylpropyl acetate, a fragrance and flavor compound commonly used in food, perfumes, and cosmetics. An excision wound model in Wistar albino rats was employed, with topical application of 3-phenylpropyl acetate from the day of wound creation until day 21. Its efficacy was assessed through measurements of wound contraction, epithelialization period, histopathological changes, connective tissue markers, and microbial load. Treatment led to a marked increase in wound contraction (up to 60%) and a reduced epithelialization period (7 days) compared to untreated controls. Histological evaluation revealed enhanced collagen deposition and tissue remodeling, while biochemical analysis showed elevated hydroxyproline levels (treated: 19.36 ± 6.08 µg/mg; control: 11.41 ± 2.14 µg/mg), indicating improved connective tissue synthesis. In addition, 3-phenylpropyl acetate exhibited antimicrobial activity by lowering skin pathogen burden and reducing scar formation. Overall, the compound significantly accelerated tissue repair, stimulated collagen production, and decreased microbial load, underscoring its therapeutic potential for wound management beyond its conventional use in cosmetics and food products.