Methodological review examines topological invariance across spatial weights matrices, highlighting theoretical, topological, and empirical frameworks in spatial autocorrelation analysis.
The impetus for Cliff and Ord's landmark article, “The Problem of Spatial Autocorrelation,” was to avoid the problem of topological invariance in the spatial weights matrix. The problem and three points of view on it – theoretical, topological, and empirical – are discussed.
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Arthur Getis (2009) studied this question.
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