Educational disparities in ischaemic heart disease among 0.5 million Chinese adults: a cohort study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Mortality, incidence and 28-day case fatality rate for ischaemic heart disease by educational attainment. Case fatality was defined as death within 28 days of onset of IHD. All the rates were based on the model with adjustment for 5-year age groups, sex and study regions. The error bars stand for 95% CIs of the values.

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  Figure 2. Association of educational attainment with mortality, incidence and case fatality for ischaemic heart disease. Cox models were stratified by 5- year age groups at baseline and study regions with adjustment for sex and CVDs family history. Logistic models were adjusted for age groups, sex, study regions and CVDs family history. All the rates were based on the same models as in figure 1. Rates were per 1000 person-years; proportions were per 100 patients. AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CVDs, cardiovascular diseases.

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  Figure 3. Association of educational attainment with mortality, incidence and case fatality for ischaemic heart disease by subgroups. Cox models were stratified by 5- year age groups at baseline and study regions with adjustment for sex and CVDs family history. Logistic models were adjusted for age groups, sex, study regions and CVDs family history. The figure shows the HRs/ORs of participants with primary school or lower education compared with those with middle school or higher education. AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CVDs, cardiovascular diseases.

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  Figure 4. Association of educational attainment with IHD with additional adjustment for lifestyle risk factors. The basic model was stratified by 5-year age groups at baseline and study regions with adjustment for sex and CVDs family history. The adjusted model included variables in the basic model plus the listed lifestyle risk factor, including smoking (never, former, current 1–14 cig/day, 15–24 cig/day or ≥25 cig/day; smokers who had stopped due to illness were counted with smokers), alcohol drinking (less than weekly, ex-regular, weekly but less than daily, daily <15 g/day, 15–29 g/day, 30–59 g/day ≥60 g/day of pure alcohol), dietary habits (frequency of eating fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and red meat), physical activity (MET-hour/day), BMI (kg/m2) and WC (cm). The final model adjusted the two most influential lifestyle risk factors listed above. The figure shows the HRs of participants with no formal school compared with those with college or above education. AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index; CVDs, cardiovascular diseases; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; WC, waist circumference.