Key Factors for More Effective Community Engagement for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case of High vs Low Lying Area of Bantul and Pariaman

This article explores climate change adaptation (CCA) in Indonesia after 20 years of ratifying the Kyoto Protocol and 8 years of the Paris Agreement. It highlights the importance of improving community engagement and participation in CCA efforts. Drawing from international and Indonesian contexts, the study identifies key factors for effective community engagement, including social capital, education, institutional change, local knowledge, government commitment and prosperity. The research, based on interviews with key Indonesian policy actors, underscores the significance of addressing these factors to promote meaningful local change. While acknowledging the challenges, the article emphasises the urgency of prioritising inclusive community engagement to address the looming threat of climate change effectively. This prioritisation is crucial for both educational and CCA policy development purposes.