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February 1, 2025Journal of Neuroscience ResearchOpen Access

Tale of Two n ‐Backs: Diverging Associations of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation With n ‐Back Task Performance

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Key result

N-back task variations show opposite brain activation-performance associations in the left middle frontal gyrus.

  • n=1,325

Why the study?

How the choice of working memory task impacts observed brain activation-performance relationships is poorly understood.

Does the choice of n-back working memory task impact the observed associations between brain activation and task performance?

Population

Participants from HCP (n = 866) and the QTIM Study (n = 459)

Comparison

Two distinct variations of the n-back working memory task

Design

Between-participants cross-sectional analysis of task-based fMRI data

Authors

PTPhilip N. TubioloJWJohn C. WilliamsJSJared X. Van Snellenberg

Discussion

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Overview

Task variation may confound fMRI-performance links in middle frontal gyrus; leaves open optimal n-back parameters for cognitive imaging studies.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=1,325)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Does the choice of n-back working memory task impact the observed associations between brain activation and task performance?

P
Population
Participants from two publicly available datasets: The Human Connectome Project (HCP; n = 866) and the Queensland Twin Imaging (QTIM) Study (n = 459).
I
Intervention
Two distinct variations of the n-back working memory task with different stimuli, timings, and response paradigms.
C
Comparator
null
O
Outcome
Associations between brain activation ([2-back - 0-back] contrast) and task performance (2-back % correct) within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), medial prefrontal cortex, and whole cortex.surrogate

The choice of working memory task significantly impacts the observed relationships between brain activation and task performance, highlighting the need for caution in task selection and interpretation.

Cite This Study

Tubiolo et al. (2025) conducted an observational in Working memory (n=1,325). n-back working memory task variations vs. Between-dataset comparison was evaluated on Associations between brain activation ([2-back - 0-back] contrast) and task performance (2-back % correct). Different variations of the n-back working memory task produced opposite associations between brain activation and task performance in the left middle frontal gyrus across two large datasets.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a10ea2e8102eb4b66eeacechttps://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70021
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1A tale of two n-backs: Diverging associations of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation with n-back task performance2024 · 1 citations
  2. 2Effects of Performance and Task Duration on Mental Workload during Working Memory Task2019 · 29 citations
  3. 3Comparison of local activation, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity in the N-back task2024 · 5 citations
  4. 4Empirical examination of working memory performance and its neural correlates in relation to delay discounting in two large samples2024 · 1 citations
  5. 5Working Memory Dysfunction: An fMRI Analysis in Schizophrenia2025