Key result
NAFLD linked to higher CVD risk via shared metabolic factors, endothelial dysfunction, and gut microbiota.
Why the study?
CVD is the leading cause of death in patients with NAFLD, but the mechanisms by which NAFLD affects the development and progression of CVD remain elusive.
What is the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
What is the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
This review highlights the significant association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the need to address cardiometabolic risk in these patients.
Supports integrated cardiometabolic care for NAFLD patients; leaves open whether targeting liver disease modifies CVD outcomes.
The global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is nearly 25% and is increasing rapidly. The spectrum of liver damage in NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, characterised by the presence of lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, with or without fibrosis, which can further develop into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Not only is NAFLD a progressive liver disease, but numerous pieces of evidence also point to extrahepatic consequences. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with NAFLD are also at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); in fact, CVDs are the most common cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and higher levels of LDL are common risk factors in both NAFLD and CVD; however, how NAFLD affects the development and progression of CVD remains elusive. In this review, we comprehensively summarise current data on the key extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD, emphasising the possible link between NAFLD and CVD, including the role of proprotein convertase substilisin/kenin type 9, extracellular vesicles, microbiota, and genetic factors.
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Gato et al. (2024) conducted a review in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of cardiovascular disease through shared metabolic risk factors, endothelial dysfunction, and emerging mechanisms including extracellular vesicles and gut microbiota.
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