Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome: Incidence and Predictors During Long-term Follow-up in a Population-based Cohort Study

IntroductionThere is limited data on long-term outcomes after hospitalization for ACS. We aimed to estimate the rate of recurrent cardiovascular events in the long-term, in a population-based, unselected cohort of ACS patients.Methods and resultsWe included 1379 patients with ACS hospitalized at Östersund hospital 2010-2014 and followed them from the day after discharge to 31 December 2017. The primary endpoint was the unadjusted rate of the composite of CV death, AMI and ischemic stroke. Risk factors for the primary endpoint were assessed in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, the unadjusted rate of the primary endpoint was 10.3% at 1 year and 28.6% at the end of follow-up. Predictors of increased risk for subsequent events were congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris, prior revascularization with PCI or CABG and treatment with diuretics at discharge. Lipid-lowering therapy at discharge and revascularization with PCI or CABG were associated with a lower risk of recurrent events.ConclusionThe risk of recurrent cardiovascular was high at 1 year and continued to be so during the following almost three years of median follow-up. Established predictors of cardiovascular risk were confirmed.