Key result
Females with depressive symptoms at baseline had a significantly higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome over 7 years (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.2), whereas no risk difference was observed in men.
Why the study?
Do depressive symptoms increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged population?
Cohort (n=1,294)
Do depressive symptoms increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged population?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Depressive symptoms, particularly melancholic symptoms, significantly increase the long-term risk of developing metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women, highlighting depression as a sex-specific predisposing factor for cardiometabolic risk.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk for developing metabolic syndrome when having depressive symptoms. METHOD: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome at baseline, and after a 7-year follow-up as measured with Beck depression inventory (BDI), and using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program--Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) were studied in a middle-aged population-based sample (n = 1294). RESULTS: The logistic regression analysis showed a 2.5-fold risk (95% CI: 1.2-5.2) for the females with depressive symptoms (BDI >or=10) at baseline to have MetS at the end of the follow-up. The risk was highest in the subgroup with more melancholic symptoms evaluated with a summary score of the melancholic items in BDI (OR 6.81, 95% CI: 2.09-22.20). In men, there was no risk difference. CONCLUSION: The higher risks for MetS in females with depressive symptoms at baseline suggest that depression may be an important predisposing factor for the development of MetS.
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Vanhala et al. (2008) conducted a cohort in Depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome (n=1,294). Depressive symptoms vs. No depressive symptoms was evaluated on Development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.2). Females with depressive symptoms at baseline had a significantly higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome over 7 years (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.2), whereas no risk difference was observed in men.
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