HPLC Analysis and In vitro Multitarget Biological Activities of Artemisiacampestris Essential Oil

Introduction: This study evaluated the chemical composition and biological activities of Artemisia campestris L. essential oil (AEO) from Djelfa, aiming to assess its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antidiabetic potential for pharmaceutical and functional food applications. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyzed the methanolic extract’s chemical profile. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH, FRAP, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Anti-inflammatory effects were measured via protein denaturation inhibition. Antibacterial activity was assessed against bacterial strains using disc diffusion. Antidiabetic potential was evaluated by DPP-4 enzyme inhibition, and antibiofilm activity was tested against Escherichia coli (E. Coli) biofilms. Anti-hemolytic effects were determined using a hemolysis assay Results: HPLC identified rutin (16,042.036 µg/g) and chlorogenic acid (14,224.476 µg/g) as key phenolics. AEO showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.004 mg/mL for DPPH, 0.029 mg/mL for FRAP) but was less effective than BHT in the β-carotene assay (IC50 = 38.1404 mg/mL). It exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity (14.53% inhibition, IC50 = 6.0997 mg/mL) and significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (29 mm inhibition zone at 120 mg/mL). AEO achieved 94.78% DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 = 3.101 mg/mL) and 88% antibiofilm activity at 1200 µg/mL. Anti-hemolytic activity surpassed ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.0194 mg/mL vs. 0.2614 mg/mL). Discussion: AEO’s potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties suggest therapeutic potential, though in vivo studies are needed. Its antibiofilm and anti-hemolytic effects enhance its versatility. Conclusion: AEO is a promising candidate for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional food applications, meriting further research