High blood urea nitrogen levels were associated with a 2.29-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure compared to low levels.
Meta-Analysis (n=56,003)
Does high blood urea nitrogen predict all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure?
High blood urea nitrogen is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure, suggesting its utility as a prognostic biomarker.
Effect estimate: RR 2.29 (95% CI 1.42-3.70)
p-value: p=<0.001
Background The mortality rate of patients with heart failure (HF) remains high, and when heart failure occurs, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is involved in the perfusion of renal blood flow. Some studies have shown an association between heart failure prognosis and blood urea nitrogen, but the results of some other studies were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the value of BUN on the prognosis of patients with heart failure. Methods A computerized systematic search of all English literature was performed in four databases, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science, from their inception to May 2022. The data of BUN were classified into continuous and categorical variables after passing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The BUN data of both types were extracted separately into stata15.0 for statistical analysis. Results A total of 19 cohort studies involving 56,003 patients were included. When BUN was used as a categorical variable, the risk of death in heart failure was 2.29 times higher for high levels of BUN than for low levels of BUN ( RR = 2.29, 95% CI:1.42–3.70, P 0.001). The results showed statistical significance in multifactorial and univariate groups, the prospective cohort, and European and Asian groups. When BUN was used as a continuous variable, the risk of death in heart failure was 1.02 times higher for each unit increase in BUN ( RR = 1.02, 95% CI:1.01–1.03, p 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed statistical significance in retrospective cohort, American and Asian. Conclusion High BUN is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure. Lower BUN was associated with better prognosis in patients with heart failure.
Duan et al. (2023) conducted a meta-analysis in Heart failure (n=56,003). High blood urea nitrogen vs. Low blood urea nitrogen was evaluated on All-cause mortality (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.42-3.70, p=<0.001). High blood urea nitrogen levels were associated with a 2.29-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure compared to low levels.