Neo-colonial intelligence: How AI risks reinforcing spatial injustices in a digitally divided world

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming urban planning processes, yet its deployment risks reinforcing historical patterns of spatial injustice. This Viewpoint critically examines the colonial traits embedded in AI systems applied to urban governance, arguing that algorithmic models often replicate epistemic violence, territorial exclusion, and data-driven extractivism. Drawing from political theory, ecotheology, and postcolonial urbanism, it highlights real-world cases, including smart city projects and geospatial data systems that illustrate how AI perpetuates neocolonial spatial dynamics. The piece calls for reorientation towards decolonial, participatory, and ecologically-centered AI design practices, emphasizing the need for ethical frameworks that honor diverse ontologies and spiritual connections to land. Without such critical engagement, AI risks becoming a new architecture of digital colonialism rather than a tool for just, inclusive, and sustainable urban futures. • AI in urban planning risks reinforcing neocolonial spatial injustice. • Algorithmic models may replicate epistemic violence and territorial exclusion. • Poorly developed smart city projects may enable digital colonialism. • Decolonial and participatory frameworks required for ethical AI design. • Diverse ontologies and spiritual values will enhance AI-driven spatial policy.