Healthcare professional-led interventions on lifestyle modifications for hypertensive patients – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Flow diagram. Unique articles were identified from database searching. Articles were screened against eligibility criteria in two rounds by two independent authors. First screening by title and abstracts was carried out. Then after discussion, full text records were retrieved and screened against eligibility criteria independently and discussed again

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  Fig. 2. Overall assessment of the biases of included studies. Nine criteria for the assessment of risk of bias were used. Biases were assigned to one of the three categories – low risk, unclear risk and high risk

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  Fig. 3. Subgroup analyses of the effect of interventions by baseline systolic blood pressure. Legend: Forest plot shows difference in systolic blood pressure change between patients with baseline systolic blood pressure over 150 mmHg versus patients with baseline systolic blood pressure lower than 150 mmHg; forest plot was created using RevMan 5.4; SBP – systolic blood pressure, CI – confidence interval, SD – standard deviation; small green squares represent difference in SBP reduction of individual RCTs, horizontal lines show 95% CI, black diamonds represent difference in SBP reduction within subgroup and total. Statistically significant difference was found comparing subgroups (P = 0.04)

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  Fig. 4. Subgroup analyses of the effect of interventions by different healthcare professionals. Forest plot shoes difference in systolic blood pressure change after interventions provided by different healthcare professionals individually (pharmacist, nurse or physician) or team, consisting of different healthcare professionals; forest plot was created using RevMan 5.4; CI – confidence interval, SD – standard deviation; small green squares represent difference in SBP reduction of individual RCTs, horizontal lines show 95% CI, black diamonds represent difference in SBP reduction within subgroup and total. No statistically significant difference was found between subgroups