Atrial fibrillation episode patterns as predictor of clinical outcome of catheter ablation

Fig. 1. A Example of real AF episode pattern. B Transition times for the episode pattern in A. The marks “o” and “x” indicate SR-to-AF and AF-to-SR transitions, respectively. C–D The conditional intensity function of SR-to-AF transitions and of AF-to-SR transitions. For reasons of clarity, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\lambda}}_{1}\left({t}\right)$$\end{document}λ1t and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\lambda}}_{2}\left({t}\right)$$\end{document}λ2t are displayed rather than \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\widetilde{{{\lambda}}}}_{1}\left({{t}}\right)$$\end{document}λ~1t and…

Fig. 2. Episode patterns and the estimated Hawkes model parameters μ and β1. A and C are short segments around 800 min with A episode pattern dominated by AF with a lower degree of aggregation (β1≈0.3) and C episode pattern dominated by SR with a higher degree of aggregation (β1≈0). B and D are long segments up to 100 days with B episode pattern dominated by SR and a lower degree of aggregation and D episode pattern dominated by AF and a higher degree of aggregation

Fig. 3. Patients with different types of temporal aggregation but with similar AF burden (≈ 0.12) with A low aggregation (AF density = 0.17) and B high aggregation (AF density = 0.76)

Fig. 4. Example of data extracted from Reveal LINQ/XT presented as a function of days of monitoring; the leftmost dashed line marks the catheter ablation, and the following dashed line marks the end of the 3-month blanking period. A Episodes with onset and duration downloaded in five sessions (blue, orange, yellow, purple, and green). B Episodes with onset and duration downloaded from the last session before catheter ablation (second session in A). C Daily AF burden detected in minutes (grey) with highlights on the days where the episodes have onset and duration information (color-coded as in A). D Daily AF burden detected in minutes during the last session before catheter ablation

Fig. 5. Kaplan–Meier curves for AF freedom after catheter ablation using each parameter as a risk predictor: A \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\text{log}(\mu)$$\end{document}log(μ), B \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta_{1}$$\end{document}β1 C AF burden, and D AF density. The legend of each panel shows the threshold used and the number of patients in each group, and the panels show the hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence intervals with their significance levels. Plus signs symbolize the censored patients

Fig. 6. Kaplan–Meier and 95% confidence intervals curves for AF freedom after catheter ablation combining A AF burden and AF density, and B the Hawkes parameters. The panels show the hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence intervals with their significance levels. Plus signs symbolize the censored patients