Comparison of thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and immune responses to different passive heat therapy modalities

Our goal was to compare three widely utilized modalities of passive heating in the manner that they are most commonly used for heat therapy. We have demonstrated that hot water immersion leads to the greatest thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and immune responses compared with both traditional and far infrared saunas in young, healthy adults. Far infrared sauna heating was the least impactful on raising body core temperature and the resulting cardiovascular and immune responses.