Heart-Focused Anxiety, General Anxiety, Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Pulmonary Vein Isolation

Figures

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  Figure 1. Study Flow Chart. AF = atrial fibrillation; PVI = pulmonary vein isolation; ECG = electrocardiogram; TTE = transthoracic echocardiography; TEE = transesophageal echocardiography, CT = computed tomography; CAQ = Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SF-12 = Short Form Health Survey.

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  Figure 2. Heart-focused anxiety (HFA) with related sub-scores at baseline and 6 months follow-up (FU6). Results for paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA with the within-subject factor time (baseline, FU6) and the between-subject factor group (gender, age, documented atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence). * p < 0.05 for paired t-test; n.s., not significant. Data points represent mean scores of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) and sub-scores (HFA anxiety (total score), HFA fear, HFA attention and HFA avoidance). The error bars indicate the standard deviation.

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  Figure 3. General anxiety, depression, and Health-related Quality of life (HRQoL) at baseline and 6 months follow-up (FU6). Results for paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA with the within-subject factor time (baseline, FU6) and the between-subject factor group (gender, age, documented atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence). * p < 0.05 for paired t-test; n.s., not significant. Data points represent mean scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (General Anxiety and Depression) and of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. The error bars indicate the standard deviation.