Small states and cyber security

AbstractWhile there is a burgeoning literature on cyber security, little scholarly work has been completed on how cyber security issues are affecting small states. This article attempts to contribute to the debate by exploring whether small states are facing unique or different challenges in enhancing their cyber security. Drawing on the extensive small states literature, the article begins by outlining three conceptual models of small state security, based on alliances, institutional cooperation and norms. These models are then applied to the small state cyber security context. It is argued that institutional cooperation on cyber security issues and the emergence of cyber security norms are being hindered by strategic rivalries between the United States, Russia and China and that military alliances are struggling to adapt to collective defence against cyber threats. The article then explores New Zealand's cyber security strategy and outlines the various domestic and international challenges that exist for New Zealand policymakers. The article finds: that a globalised cyber security environment is eroding New Zealand's geographical isolation; that the New Zealand government is struggling to formulate a tenable balance between security and privacy in responding to cyber security issues.KeywordsCyber securityNew Zealandsmall states Additional informationNotes on contributorsJoe BurtonAuthor biographyJoe Burton is a Lecturer in the Political Science and International Relations Programme at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He holds a PhD and Master of International Studies degree from the University of Otago, and a BSc. Econ in International Relations from the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. Joe's doctoral research was on the NATO alliance. His current research is focused on US and New Zealand foreign policy, contemporary security issues, and how states, non-state actors, international organisations and alliances are adapting to deal with evolving strategic challenges. Joe has also worked in professional politics: as a ministerial advisor, national campaign coordinator, legislative assistant, researcher, and political organiser.