CardiacWave, a non-contact mmWave heart monitoring system, extracted ECG-like features with timing differences of 0.67% for P-waves, 0.71% for T-waves, and 0.49% for QRS complex versus ground truth.
Does the CardiacWave non-contact mmWave sensing system accurately measure ECG-like heart activities compared to a medical-grade instrument?
The CardiacWave system demonstrates the feasibility of using non-contact mmWave sensing to extract high-fidelity, ECG-like cardiac electrical activities.
Using wireless signals to monitor human vital signs, especially heartbeat information, has been intensively studied in the past decade. This non-contact sensing modality can drive various applications from cardiac health, sleep, and emotion management. Under the circumstance of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-contact heart monitoring receives increasingly market demands. However, existing wireless heart monitoring schemes can only detect limited heart activities, such as heart rate, fiducial points, and Seismocardiography (SCG)-like information. In this paper, we present CardiacWave to enable a non-contact high-definition heart monitoring. CardiacWave can provide a full spectrum of Electrocardiogram (ECG)-like heart activities, including the details of P-wave, T-wave, and QRS complex. Specifically, CardiacWave is built upon the Cardiac-mmWave scattering effect (CaSE), which is a variable frequency response of the cardiac electromagnetic field under the mmWave interrogation. The CardiacWave design consists of a noise-resistant sensing scheme to interrogate CaSE and a cardiac activity profiling module for extracting cardiac electrical activities from the interrogation response. Our experiments show that the CardiacWave-induced ECG measures have a high positive correlation with the heart activity ground truth (i.e., measurements from a medical-grade instrument). The timing difference of P-waves, T-waves, and QRS complex is 0.67%, 0.71%, and 0.49%, respectively, and a mean cardiac event difference is within a delay of 5.3 milliseconds. These results indicate that CaridacWave offers high-fidelity and integral heart clinical characteristics. Furthermore, we evaluate the CardiacWave system with participants under various conditions, including heart and breath rates, ages, and heart habits (e.g., tobacco use).
Xu et al. (Thu,) conducted a other in Heart monitoring. CardiacWave vs. Medical-grade instrument was evaluated on Timing difference of P-waves, T-waves, and QRS complex. CardiacWave, a non-contact mmWave heart monitoring system, extracted ECG-like features with timing differences of 0.67% for P-waves, 0.71% for T-waves, and 0.49% for QRS complex versus ground truth.
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