Prevalence and associated factors of co-occurring diabetes and hypertension among university academic staff and students in Bangladesh

The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN) in Bangladesh presents a significant public health challenge. The co-occurrence of these conditions increases health risks, yet limited data exist on their burden among university staff and students. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and determinants of T2D and HTN in these populations. A total of 755 participants, including academic staff and students, were randomly selected. Data on demographics, lifestyle, and anthropometric parameters were collected, and blood glucose, lipid profiles, and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify the factors associated with T2D and HTN. The prevalence of T2D and HTN was considerably higher among academic staff (21.9% and 36.0%, respectively) than among students (3.3% and 8.4%, respectively). The co-occurrence of both conditions was found in 12.3% of staff and 1.1% of students. T2D prevalence was similar between males and females, while HTN was more common in males (39.3% of staff and 11.9% of students) than in females (27.9% and 2.8%, respectively). Older participants showed a markedly higher occurrence of T2D and HTN in both groups. Increased age, elevated blood pressure, and inadequate physical activity were significant predictors of T2D. Conversely, older age, higher BMI, elevated blood glucose, TG, LDL-C, and smoking were major risk factors for HTN. In conclusion, T2D and HTN are highly prevalent among university staff compared to students, with notable differences by gender and age. The findings highlight the urgent need for lifestyle-based interventions and regular screening in university populations.