Molecular Epidemiology Questions Transmission Pathways Identified During the Year 2000 Outbreak of Classical Swine Fever in the UK

Figures

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  Figure 1. Epidemiological links and timeline of the outbreak of CSF in the UK in 2000. Dates indicate the time of confirmation of CSF disease on the 16 premises (IP01-IP16) detected as infected during the 2000 outbreak. Premises were assigned IP numbers in the order of disease confirmation. Rectangle colors indicate the location of the premises within 5 geographical areas of the East Anglia region. Premises for which samples were not available are indicated by non-coloured rectangles. The most likely routes of transmission identified by epidemiological investigations are indicated by arrows. Dates of known direct movements of animals are indicated in red boxes. Bars before IP02 and IP07 indicate a potentially infectious period before disease confirmation on these premises from which direct animal movements occurred.

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  Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis. Almost full-length sequences from 14 infected premises were aligned using the sequence of the closely related genotype 2.1 CSFV1048 Penevezys sequence as an outgroup. There were a total of 12,136 positions in the final dataset. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates), is shown next to the branches with values ≥ 70%. SF01 7-2 is a sequence from a pooled sample from the first premise on which CSF was confirmed, whereas SF01 is from a single animal from the same premise.

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  Figure 3. Updated model of the linkages between the affected pig holdings in the UK CSF outbreak in 2000. Transmission links identified by epidemiological investigations that are corroborated by phylogenetic analysis are indicated with ticks and links that are not supported by crosses. A new transmission route implicated by the phylogenetic analysis is indicated by the black arrow.