Atrial Natriuretic Hormones Originating From the N‐terminus of the Atrial Natriuretic Factor Prohormone

Four peptide hormones consisting of amino acids 1-30 (Long Acting Sodium Stimulator), 31-67 (Vessel Dilator), 79-98 (Kaliuretic Stimulator) and 99-126 (atrial Natriuretic Factor [ANF]) originate from the same 126 amino acid ANF prohormone. 2. Each of these four peptide hormones circulates as a distinct peptide with vessel dilator and long acting sodium stimulator circulating at 10- to 24-fold higher concentrations than ANF while kaliuretic stimulator circulates at a three-fold higher concentration than ANF. 3. Each of these peptide hormones is released with an increase in central volume causing stretch of the atrium of the heart and with rapid heart beats greater than 125 beats/min. 4. Each of these peptide hormones lowers blood pressure, causes a diuresis and enhances sodium and/or potassium excretion. 5. In disease states which retain sodium and water such as congestive heart failure (CHF), each of these atrial peptides increases in the circulation proportionately to the severity of sodium retention, but of the radioimmunoassays to each of these hormones only the vessel dilator radioimmunoassay differentiates between mild (class I) CHF and healthy individuals.