Sexual function and activity in young adults with a primary brain tumor — A population-based longitudinal study

Background There is limited knowledge about how diagnosis and treatment for brain tumors affect intimacy and sex life in young adults. This study examined sexual function and activity and identified factors associated with sexual function in a national cohort of young adults up to five years after being diagnosed with a primary brain tumor. Methods Patients diagnosed with a malignant or benign brain tumor at ages 18–39 were identified through the Swedish Quality Registry for CNS tumors and approached with a comprehensive survey at 1.5-, 3-, and 5-year post-diagnosis. In total, 123 (31 men and 41 women) responded (58%) and 72 of them completed the full set of surveys. Sexual function was assessed with the PROMIS® SexFS v2.0. Changes over time were examined using repeated measures ANOVA and multivariable linear regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with sexual dysfunction. Results Most participants were sexually active (>80%) and satisfied with their sex life, although a substantial proportion reported low interest in sexual activities. No changes over time were observed in the domains Satisfaction with sex life (F(2, 104)=0.49, P = .66) or Interest in sexual activity (F(2, 136)=0.58, P = .56). Sexual dysfunction was associated with depressive symptoms and body image disturbance. Clinical characteristics were not associated with sexual dysfunction. Conclusions Most young adults diagnosed with a brain tumor were sexually active and reported satisfaction with their sex life. A subgroup reported low interest in sexual activities, underscoring the need to include discussions about possible cancer-related impact on sex life into follow-up care.