The Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolomic in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Figures

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  Figure 1. The levels of inflammatory factors in blood were detected. (a) The expression levels of IL-6. (b) The expression levels of IL-8. (c) The expression levels of IL-10. (d) The expression levels of TNF-α. ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. healthy group. C: healthy group; H: CHF group.

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  Figure 2. Changes of fecal microbiome. (a) The rank abundance curve. (b) The changes of Chao 1 index. (c) Venn diagram showed microbiota at the phylum level. (d) Venn diagram showed microbiota at genus level. C: healthy group; H: CHF group.

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  Figure 3. Differential microbial and functional analysis of feces. (a) ANOSIM showed the differentia in groups. (b) Ring-mounted evolutionary branch diagram showed the different microbiota (P < 0.05, LDA > 2.28). C: healthy group; H: CHF group.

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  Figure 4. Metabolomic analyses of serum samples. (a) The PCA score plot using the first two components. (b) The PLS-DA scores plot based on fecal metabolic profiles in the healthy and CHF group. (c) Heatmap showed the differential proportion of 90 metabolites in the sample of CHF and healthy groups. The different colors of the circle represent different groups, blue circle: QC sample, green circle: CHF group, red circle: healthy group. C: healthy group; H: CHF group.

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  Figure 5. The characteristics and correlation of serum metabolites. (a) The different metabolites associated with CHF were confirmed (log2(FC) > 1.0) (pink). (b) Volcano map showed the different metabolites in CHF and healthy groups.

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  Figure 6. The correlation between gut microbiota and serum metabolomic. Red represents positive correlation, and green represents negative correlation. #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01; ###P < 0.001.

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  Figure 7. The correlation among gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and inflammatory factors. Red represents positive correlation, and green represents negative correlation. #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01; ###P < 0.001.