The impact of smoking on finger dexterity and dual-task activities in elderly adults: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Extensive research has focused on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cancer-related health consequences of smoking. However, there is a lack of specific investigations into the consequences of prolonged smoking on human neurocognition and neurobiology, particularly related to finger dexterity and dual-tasking abilities in elderly individuals. Understanding the impact of smoking on dual-tasking conditions and finger dexterity can provide valuable insights into potential cognitive decline and impairment in daily activities among elderly smokers. Methods This study recruited 40 subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by convenience sampling of an old age home in Delhi. Participants were divided into elderly smokers (group 1) and non-smokers (group 2) by self-reported smoking status and the results of a Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaire. Both groups performed dual-task finger dexterity using the nine-hole peg board (9HPT) and were assessed for task speed and activities of daily living (ADL). ADL was assessed using the Katz Index of Independence in ADL (KATZ). Data were analysed to detect differences between the groups. Results The study findings indicated a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in the 9HPT (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between group 1 and group 2 in dual-task cognitive 9HPT (C9HPT) and motor 9HPT (M9HPT) tests (p < 0.05). However, analysis using the KATZ found between-group differences. Conclusions Smoking had a negative impact on dual-task finger dexterity, potentially due to its effects on neurocognition and neurobiology.