Key result
Obesity linked to ~148% greater hypertension risk in middle-aged adults.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to analyze the risk factors for hypertension across different age groups among urban and rural residents in Tianjin.
Cross-Sectional (n=33,997)
Yes
Effect estimate: OR 2.478 (95% CI 2.330-2.636)
p-value: p=<0.001
Obesity, diabetes, family history of stroke, and high triglycerides are significant risk factors for hypertension across all adult age groups, with obesity being the strongest predictor.
Obesity screening may aid hypertension risk stratification; cross-sectional data leaves causal inference and intervention effects open.
BACKGROUND: To analyze the risk factors for hypertension in different age groups of urban and rural residents in Tianjin. METHODS: A total of 33,997 people (35-75 years old) from 13 community health service centers and primary hospitals in Tianjin participated in this study. They were divided into the youth group (≤ 40 years old), middle-aged group (41-65 years old), and elderly group (> 65 years old). Then, a questionnaire survey was administered, followed by physical and blood biochemical examinations. The demographic characteristics and prevalence were recorded and counted. Subsequently, risk factors were analyzed using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the youth, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.65, 51.80, and 76.61%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity(OR: 3.263, 95% CI: 1.039-1.656), men (OR: 2.117, 95% CI: 1.691-2.651), diabetes (OR: 1.978, 95% CI: 1.398-2.799), high triglycerides(OR 1.968 95% CI: 1.590-2.434) and family history of stroke (OR: 1.936, 95% CI: 1.287-2.911) are the five factors in youth. In middle-aged group, the significantly associating factors were obesity (OR: 2.478, 95% CI: 2.330-2.636), diabetes (OR: 2.173, 95% CI: 1.398-2.799), family history of stroke (OR: 1.808, 95% CI: 1.619-2.020), maleness (OR: 1.507, 95% CI: 1.412-1.609),Hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.490 95% CI: 1.409-1.577),family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.484, 95% CI: 1.307-1.684),Hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.228 95% CI: 1.160-1.299). In the elderly group, obesity (OR: 2.104, 95% CI: 1.830-2.418), family history of strokes (OR: 1.688, 95% CI: 1.243-2.292), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.544, 95% CI: 1.345-1.773), family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.470, 95% CI: 1.061-2.036), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.192-1.524) increased the risk for hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) increased with age, and the value of these two measures for predicting hypertension was better than BMI in middle-aged group. CONCLUSION: Obesity is the most important risk factor for hypertension in all age groups. Diabetes, family history of strokes and high triglyceride were also significant risk factors for all age groups. There was a gender difference between the young and middle-aged groups, with men more likely to hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were better predictors of hypertension than BMI in middle-aged group.
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Zhang et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=33,997). Obesity vs. Non-obese was evaluated on Hypertension (middle-aged group) (OR 2.478, 95% CI 2.330-2.636, p=<0.001). Obesity was identified as the most important risk factor for hypertension across all age groups, increasing the risk by 2.48-fold in the middle-aged population.
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