Key result
Sufficient baseline physical activity (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81-0.97) and temporal increases in activity (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-0.99) were associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension.
Why the study?
Does sufficient baseline physical activity and its temporal increase reduce incident hypertension and diabetes mellitus in initially healthy subjects?
Cohort (n=174,314)
Does sufficient baseline physical activity and its temporal increase reduce incident hypertension and diabetes mellitus in initially healthy subjects?
Effect estimate: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.81-0.97)
Sufficient baseline physical activity and increasing physical activity over time are associated with a reduced risk of developing hypertension and diabetes in relatively healthy young adults.
Activity linked to lower hypertension risk in healthy adults should not yet change practice; leaves open causal effects and diabetes prevention in trials.
Background The association between baseline and temporal changes in physical activity and incident hypertension or diabetes mellitus in initially non-hypertensive or non-diabetic subjects is rarely known. Methods Among individuals who underwent consecutive comprehensive health screenings, their physical activity level was measured using a self-reported international physical activity questionnaire. First, subjects were classified into four categories: no regular physical activity with a sedentary lifestyle; minimal physical activity (<75 min/week); insufficient physical activity (≥75 min but <150 min/week); and sufficient physical activity (≥150 min/week). Second, subjects were sub-grouped, based on temporal changes in physical activity level between baseline and consecutive follow-up: increase, no change, and decrease. Results Finally, among 174,314 subjects (mean age 36.7 ± 6.9 years), 5544 (3.18%) and 21,276 (12.2%) developed incident diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, respectively. After a multivariate adjustment, sufficient baseline physical activity was associated with significantly lower risk for incident hypertension (hazard ratio 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 0.97), but the difference was not significant, and showed a lower trend in diabetes mellitus incidence (hazard ratio 0.87; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.04) in reference to no regular physical activity group. Regardless of the baseline physical activity level, subjects with a temporal increase in physical activity showed significantly decreased risk for incident hypertension (hazard ratio 0.93; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.99) and diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio 0.83; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.92) compared with those with a temporal decrease in their physical activity level. Conclusion Both sufficient baseline physical activity level and its temporal increase were associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a large, relatively healthy, cohort.
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Lee et al. (2018) conducted a cohort in Incident hypertension and diabetes mellitus (n=174,314). Physical activity vs. No regular physical activity or temporal decrease in physical activity was evaluated on Incident hypertension (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.97). Sufficient baseline physical activity (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81-0.97) and temporal increases in activity (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-0.99) were associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension.
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